Use of semiconductor optical amplifiers in signal processing applications

We describe a 42.6 Gbit/s all-optical pattern recognition system which uses semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). A circuit with three SOA-based logic gates is used to identify the presence of specific port numbers in an optical packet header

42.6 Gbit/s fully integrated all-optical XOR gate

We demonstrate an SOA-based all-optical high-speed Mach-Zehnder interferometer exclusive- OR (XOR) gate fabricated in a silica III-V hybrid-integration technology platform.  The device includes integrated time delays for rapid differential operation as well as integrated phase shifters for fine tuning of power splitters and interferometer bias enabling highly optimized XOR gate operation.  XOR functionality is verified through inspection of the output pulse sequence and the carrier-suppressed output spectrum.  A 2.3 dB penalty for a 42.6 Gb/s RZ-OOK signal at a 10-9 bit error rate is observed

All-optical header processing in a 42.6Gb/s optoelectronic firewall

A novel architecture to enable future network security systems to provide effective protection in the context of continued traffic growth and the need to minimise energy consumption is proposed. It makes use of an all-optical pre-filtering stage operating at the line rate under software control to distribute incoming packets to specialised electronic processors. An experimental system that integrates software controls and electronic interfaces with an all-optical pattern recognition system has demonstrated the key functions required by the new architecture. As an example, the ability to sort packets arriving in a 42.6Gb/s data stream according to their service type was shown experimentally

Distribution optique du signal d'horloge dans les circuits CMOS sur substrat silicium-sur-isolant

Le fonctionnement de la plupart des circuits intégrés est rythmé par le signal d'horloge distribué uniformément à tous les blocs sur la puce. Avec l'augmentation de la fréquence de fonctionnement, on prévoit que la distribution électrique de l'horloge deviendra très difficile aux fréquences élevées (quelques dizaines de GHz). Une solution possible pour y remédier est le passage au transport optique du slgnal. Cette thèse est une contribution à l'étude des composants passifs d'une distribution en optique intégrée sur substrat silicium-sur-isolant, en technologie compatible avec celle des circuits CMOS. Des guides d'ondes en arête compacts (1 mM de large et 200 ou 380 nm d'épaisseur) présentant de faibles pertes de propagation (de l'ordre de 0,4 dB/cm) ont été réalisés. Nous avons montré que l'on peut utiliser des miroirs comme virages à faible encombrement (1 dB de pertes par miroir). Le couplage de la lumière vers ces guides submicroniques est effectué en utilisant des réseaux de diffraction, avec une efficacité de couplage record, atteignant 50 % de la puissance incidente. La possibilité de distribuer un signal optique d'une entrée vers 16 points de sortie a été démontrée.Most of electronic circuits rely on a synchronization rate given by a clock signal equally distributed to each block of transitors on the chip. Electrical clock distribution is expected to become very difficult when the clock frequency will hit tens of gigahertz. Using an optical carrier for the clock signal may be a solution. This thesis is a contribution to the study of passive components for a CMOS compatible clock distribution on silicon-on-insulator substrates. Compact rib waveguides (a 1 mM wide rib and a thickness of the core of 200 or 380 nm) were realized with low propagation lasses (about 0,4 dB/cm). We show that mirrors can be used as compact turns (1 dB losses per mirror). Efficient coupling of incident light in these submicrometer waveguides (50 %) is achieved through grating couplers. Distribution of an optical signal from one input toward 16 outputs is demonstrated.ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

42.6 Gbit/s fully integrated all-optical XOR gate

We demonstrate an SOA-based all-optical high-speed Mach-Zehnder interferometer exclusive- OR (XOR) gate fabricated in a silica III-V hybrid-integration technology platform.  The device includes integrated time delays for rapid differential operation as well as integrated phase shifters for fine tuning of power splitters and interferometer bias enabling highly optimized XOR gate operation.  XOR functionality is verified through inspection of the output pulse sequence and the carrier-suppressed output spectrum.  A 2.3 dB penalty for a 42.6 Gb/s RZ-OOK signal at a 10-9 bit error rate is observed

A High MCM6 Proliferative Index in Atypical Meningioma Is Associated with Shorter Progression Free and Overall Survivals

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MCM6, in comparison with Ki-67, in two series of grade 1 and 2 meningiomas, and to evaluate its correlation with methylation classes. The first cohort included 100 benign (grade 1, World Health Organization 2021) meningiomas, and the second 69 atypical meningiomas (grade 2). Immunohistochemical Ki-67 and MCM6 labeling indices (LI) were evaluated independently by two observers. Among the atypical meningiomas, 33 cases were also studied by genome-wide DNA methylation. In grade 2 meningiomas, but not grade 1, both Ki-67 and MCM6 LIs were correlated with PFS (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005, respectively; Cox univariate analyses). Additionally, MCM6 was correlated with overall survival only in univariate analysis. In a multivariate model, including mitotic index, Ki-67, MCM6, age, sex, and the quality of surgical resection, only MCM6 was correlated with PFS (p = 0.046). Additionally, we found a significant correlation between PTEN loss and high MCM6 or Ki-67 LIs. Although no correlation was found with the methylation classes and subtypes returned by the meningioma algorithm MNGv2.4., MCM6 LI was significantly correlated with the methylation of 2 MCM6 gene body loci. In conclusion, MCM6 is a relevant prognostic marker in atypical meningiomas. This reproducible and easy-to-use marker allows the identification of a highly aggressive subtype of proliferative meningiomas, characterized notably by frequent PTEN losses, which was previously reported to be sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors

Ki-67 and MCM6 labelling index are correlated with overall survival in anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH1-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted: a multicenter study from the French POLA Network

International audienceBackground & Objectives: Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted (IDHmut+/1p19qcodel) are high grade gliomas. Only few prognostic markers were studied in this specific histomolecular subgroup. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prognostic value of two proliferation markers, MCM6 and Ki-67, in a French multicenter series of IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO (POLA network), using immunohistochemistry. Further transcriptomic approaches were implemented to uncover the molecular pathways associated with the overexpression of these markers.Methods: Two hundred and thirty-one IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO cases were included from the French national POLA network. MCM6 and Ki-67 labelling index (LI) were evaluated using computer color image analyser. Transcriptomic data were analysed in a subset of 68 microarray samples from the French POLA Network.Results: High MCM6 (≥ 50%) and Ki-67 (≥ 15%) LI correlated with shorter overall survival (P=0.013 and P=0.004, respectively). A high proliferation index, defined by MCM6 ≥ 50% and/or Ki-67 ≥ 15%, was independently correlated to a shorter survival (P=0.027; multivariate Cox model including age, mitotic index, MCM6 and Ki-67). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that while the high mRNA level of both MCM6 and Ki-67 were positively associated with clusters enriched in gene functions like cell cycle progression, DNA replication, mitosis, pro-neural phenotype as well as neurogenesis, they were negatively associated with clusters of other functions like microglial cell activation, immune response, positive regulation of myelination, oligodendrocyte development, beta-amyloid binding, and postsynaptic specialization.Conclusion: In conclusion, both MCM6 and Ki-67 LI were correlated to overall survival. Because multivariate analyses showed that overexpression of MCM6 and/or Ki-67 was independently correlated to shorter survival, these two easy-to-use and costless markers could be used in association in daily practice in order to predict clinical outcome. Transcriptomics showed that IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO are highly proliferative tumours with upregulated pro-neural phenotype associated genes, and downregulated immune response, glial differentiation, and myelin-related function

Ki‐67 and MCM6 labelling indices are correlated with overall survival in anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH1 ‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted: a multicenter study from the French POLA network

International audienceAnaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q codeleted (IDHmut+/1p19qcodel), is a high‐grade glioma with only limited prognostic markers. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, the prognostic value of two proliferation markers, MCM6 and Ki‐67, in a large series of IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO included in the POLA (“Prise en charge des Oligodendrogliomes Anaplasiques”) French national multicenter network. We additionally examined the transcriptome obtained from this series to understand the functional pathways dysregulated with the mRNA overexpression of these two markers. The labelling indices (LI) of MCM6 and Ki‐67 were obtained via computer‐assisted color image analyses on immunostained AO tissues of the cohort (n=220). Furthermore, a subgroup of AO (n=68/220) was used to perform transcriptomic analyses. A high LI of either MCM6 (≥50%) or Ki‐67 (≥ 15%) correlated with shorter overall survival, both in univariate (P=0.013 and P=0.004, respectively) and multivariate analyses (P=0.027; multivariate Cox model including age, mitotic index, MCM6 and Ki‐67). MCM6 and Ki‐67 LI also correlated with overall survival in an additional retrospective cohort of 30 grade II IDHmut+/1p19qcodel oligodendrogliomas. The prognostic value of MCM6 mRNA level was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) IDHmut+/1p19qcodel gliomas. The transcriptomic approach revealed that high transcriptional expressions of MCM6 and MKI67 were both linked positively with cell cycle progression, DNA replication, mitosis, pro‐neural phenotype as well as neurogenesis, and negatively with microglial cell activation, immune response, positive regulation of myelination, oligodendrocyte development, beta‐amyloid binding, and postsynaptic specialization.In conclusion, the overexpression of MCM6 and/or Ki‐67 is independently associated to shorter overall survival in IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO. These two easy‐to‐use and cost‐effective markers could thus be used concurrently in routine pathology practice. Additionally, the transcriptomic analyses showed that AO with high proliferation index have down‐regulated immune response and lower microglial cells activation, and bears pro‐neural phenotype

Genomic Instability Is Defined by Specific Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis of AGO OVAR 12 Trial

International audienceBackground: Following disappointing results with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer, it is essential to explore other immune targets. The aim of this study is to describe the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) according to genomic instability in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients receiving primary debulking surgery followed by carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy +/− nintedanib. Methods: 103 HGSOC patients’ tumor samples from phase III AGO-OVAR-12 were analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the TME was performed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. Comparative genomic hybridization was carried out to evaluate genomic instability signatures through homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score, genomic index, and somatic copy number alterations. The relationship between genomic instability and TME was explored. Results: Patients with high intratumoral CD3+ T lymphocytes had longer progression-free survival (32 vs. 19.6 months, p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS) (median not reached). High HLA-E expression on tumor cells was associated with a longer OS (median OS not reached vs. 52.9 months, p = 0.002). HRD profile was associated with high HLA-E expression on tumor cells and an improved OS. In the multivariate analysis, residual tumor, intratumoral CD3, and HLA-E on tumor cells were more predictive than other parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest HLA-E/CD94-NKG2A/2C is a potential immune target particularly in the HRD positive ovarian carcinoma subgroup